冠心病从体质干预与通调阴维脉论治

冠心病西医药物治疗虽可控制发作，但有时不能延缓病情发展，非药物治疗过程中围手术期多风险，易病情反复。中医辨证治疗存在证型不统一且证候消失后难根治的问题。倪诚教授秉承王琦国医大师"体病相关""体质可调"理论，认为血瘀体质、痰湿体质、气虚体质是冠心病的发病基础，瘀阻阴维是冠心病的病机要点，祛瘀化痰、补气通维是冠心病的主要治法，临床上自创通维止痛汤，取得良好疗效。     

垫枕法联合经皮椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松胸腰椎压缩性骨折

目的：观察垫枕法联合经皮椎体成形术治疗老年骨质疏松胸腰椎压缩性骨折的效果。方法：选择老年骨质疏松胸腰椎压缩性骨折患者 40 例，予垫枕法联合经皮椎体成形术治疗，并观察患者术前及术后 1 个月在疼痛缓解、伤椎前缘高度、后凸畸形改善的情况。 结果：40 例患者术前疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale，VAS）（6.76±1.16）、伤椎前缘高度（16.38±2.26）mm 及 Cobb 角（22.17±3.46）?，术后 1 个月 VAS 评分（2.34±0.73）、伤体前缘高度（28.45±6.46）mm及 Cobb 角（8.43±4.34）?，术后 1 个月患者在疼痛缓解、伤椎前缘高度、后凸畸形改善等方面较术前有明显区别（P<0.05）。结论：老年骨质疏松胸腰椎压缩性骨折经垫枕法联合经皮椎体成形术治疗，可明显减轻患者疼痛，改善后凸畸形。     

Sonothrombolysis in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Treated With Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

BackgroundPreclinical studies have demonstrated that high mechanical index (MI) impulses from a diagnostic ultrasound transducer during an intravenous microbubble infusion (sonothrombolysis) can restore epicardial and microvascular flow in acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).ObjectivesThis study tested the clinical effectiveness of sonothrombolysis in patients with STEMI.MethodsPatients with their first STEMI were prospectively randomized to either diagnostic ultrasound–guided high MI impulses during an intravenous Definity (Lantheus Medical Imaging, North Billerica, Massachusetts) infusion before, and following, emergent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), or to a control group that received PCI only (n = 50 in each group). A reference first STEMI group (n = 203) who arrived outside the randomization window was also analyzed. Angiographic recanalization before PCI, ST-segment resolution, infarct size by magnetic resonance imaging, and systolic function (LVEF) at 6 months were compared.ResultsST-segment resolution occurred in 16 (32%) high MI PCI versus 2 (4%) PCI-only patients before PCI, and angiographic recanalization was 48% in high MI/PCI versus 20% in PCI only and 21% in the reference group (p < 0.001). Infarct size was reduced (29 ± 22 g high MI/PCI vs. 40 ± 20 g PCI only; p = 0.026). LVEF was not different between groups before treatment (44 ± 11% vs. 43 ± 10%), but increased immediately after PCI in the high MI/PCI group (p = 0.03), and remained higher at 6 months (p = 0.015). Need for implantable defibrillator (LVEF ≤30%) was reduced in the high MI/PCI group (5% vs. 18% PCI only; p = 0.045).ConclusionsSonothrombolysis added to PCI improves recanalization rates and reduces infarct size, resulting in sustained improvements in systolic function after STEMI. (Therapeutic Use of Ultrasound in Acute Coronary Artery Disease; NCT02410330).     

Stress Testing Versus CT Angiography in Patients With Diabetes and Suspected Coronary Artery Disease

Background

The optimal noninvasive test (NIT) for patients with diabetes and stable symptoms of coronary artery disease (CAD) is unknown.

体外肺膜氧合在急性冠脉综合征介入治疗中的临床应用与分析

目的 总结及分析体外肺膜氧合（Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation，ECMO）在急性冠状动脉综合征（Acute coronary syndrome,ACS）介入治疗中的临床应用及评价预后。方法 回顾性分析2015年8月至2018年8月因ACS入院，并在ECMO辅助下行冠状动脉造影术的20例患者的临床资料。采用SPSS 23.0软件进行统计分析，计量资料以x±s表示，采用COX回归分析相关因素与患者生存时长的关系，并用OR值与相关因素与生存时间长短之间的关系强度，采用寿命表达计算总数的生存率和绘制生存曲线图。结果 20例ECMO支持下行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（Percutaneous transluminal coronary intervention，PCI）， 患者中16例成功置入冠状动脉支架，其年龄为43~76岁，平均年龄（61.4±9.1）岁，中位年龄为61岁；平均住院天数为（18.0±12.4）d；ECMO平均支持时间为（31.52±27.97）h，术后成功脱机16例（80%），生存出院16 例（80%），术后6个月生存率85.0%，平均住院时间为（18.0±12.4）d，术后并发症（OR=3.486，95%CI 1.266~9.599）、ECMO支持时间（OR=1.05，95%CI 1.010~1.106）、术后CK（OR=1.009，95%CI 1.001~1.017）是急性冠状动脉综合征ECMO辅助行PCI 预后的危险因素，其中死亡终点事件主要分布在术后30 d内，术后5例（71.4%）出现肺部感染，2例（28.6%）出现急性出血，1例（14.3%）出现心房颤动 ，1例（14.3%）出现肾功能不全、呼吸衰竭，给予CRRT及呼吸机辅助治疗，1例（14.3%）出现弥漫性血管内凝血，1例（14.3%）下肢缺血性坏疽。结论 ECMO辅助PCI为ACS提供了有效治疗方式，严格把握ECMO辅助时间对治疗危重症ACS远期预后有着重要的意义。     

冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病与缺血性脑卒中相关性研究进展

冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)和缺血性脑卒中是动脉粥样硬化性疾病中最主要的2种疾病,二者可以单独或合并发生,是引起死亡和功能缺陷的重要病因。2种疾病存在一些共同的危险因素,在疾病发生上有一定的联系。明确二者之间的相关性有助于动脉粥样硬化性疾病的预防及治疗,减轻疾病不良预后引起的负担,提高国民生存质量。目前有诸多研究致力于探究二者在发病机制、疾病进展、预后以及影像学表现上的关联,其中某些研究结果之间存在差异。现将相关最新研究结果综述如下。     

Ticagrelor Versus Clopidogrel in Patients With STEMI Treated With Fibrinolysis: TREAT Trial

BackgroundThe efficacy of ticagrelor in the long-term post–ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with fibrinolytic therapy remains uncertain.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ticagrelor when compared with clopidogrel in STEMI patients treated with fibrinolytic therapy.MethodsThis international, multicenter, randomized, open-label with blinded endpoint adjudication trial enrolled 3,799 patients (age <75 years) with STEMI receiving fibrinolytic therapy. Patients were randomized to ticagrelor (180-mg loading dose, 90 mg twice daily thereafter) or clopidogrel (300- to 600-mg loading dose, 75 mg daily thereafter). The key outcomes were cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, or stroke, and the same composite outcome with the addition of severe recurrent ischemia, transient ischemic attack, or other arterial thrombotic events at 12 months.ResultsThe combined outcome of cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, or stroke occurred in 129 of 1,913 patients (6.7%) receiving ticagrelor and in 137 of 1,886 patients (7.3%) receiving clopidogrel (hazard ratio: 0.93; 95% confidence interval: 0.73 to 1.18; p = 0.53). The composite of cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction, stroke, severe recurrent ischemia, transient ischemic attack, or other arterial thrombotic events occurred in 153 of 1,913 patients (8.0%) treated with ticagrelor and in 171 of 1,886 patients (9.1%) receiving clopidogrel (hazard ratio: 0.88; 95% confidence interval: 0.71 to 1.09; p = 0.25). The rates of major, fatal, and intracranial bleeding were similar between the ticagrelor and clopidogrel groups.ConclusionAmong patients age <75 years with STEMI, administration of ticagrelor after fibrinolytic therapy did not significantly reduce the frequency of cardiovascular events when compared with clopidogrel. (Ticagrelor in Patients With ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction Treated With Pharmacological Thrombolysis [TREAT]; NCT02298088)     

Confessions of a New York rupture researcher: An insider’s guide and critique

Objective: The study of alliance rupture has become quite prevalent since 1990 and especially in the past 10 years where we have seen a noticeable surge in empirical publications on the subject. This honorary paper attempts to provide a critical review of this literature from the perspective of someone who has contributed to it in his collaborative work on a research program designed to investigate ruptures and to develop intervention and training models to resolve them. Method: This paper is organized into three topics or sections: (1) alliance rupture, (2) rupture resolution, and (3) alliance training; and it addresses definitions, findings, questions, and lessons with regard to each topic. Results/Conclusions: It suggests some clinical conceptualizations (concerning agency and communion as well as mutual recognition), training implications (regarding emotion regulation and deliberate practice), and methodological considerations (promoting pluralism and contextualism), along with future directions.